E-commerce

E-commerce, stands for electronic commerce, is trading in products or services using computer networks, such as the Internet. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web for at least one part of the transaction's life cycle, although it may also use other technologies such as e-mail.

These business transactions occur either business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer or consumer-to-business. The terms e-commerce and e-business are often used interchangeably. The term e-tail is also sometimes used in suggestion to transactional processes in the region of online retail.

E-commerce is conducted using a variety of applications, such as email, fax, online catalogs and shopping carts, Electronic Data Interchange(EDI), File Transfer Protocol, and Web services.

To ensure the security, privacy and effectiveness of e-commerce, businesses should validate business transactions, control access to resources such as web pages for registered or selected users, encrypt communications and apply safekeeping technologies such as the Secure Sockets Layer.

There are 6 basic types of e-commerce:

Ø  Business-to-Business (B2B)

Ø  Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

Ø  Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)

Ø  Consumer-to-Business (C2B).

Ø  Business-to-Administration (B2A)

Ø  Consumer-to-Administration (C2A)

 1. Business-to-Business (B2B)

Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce encompasses all electronic transactions of goods or services conducted ​​between companies. Producers and traditional commerce wholesalers usually operate with this type of electronic commerce.

2. Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

The Business-to-Consumer type of e-commerce is well-known by the establishment of electronic business relationships between businesses and final consumers. It corresponds to the retail section of e-commerce, where traditional retail trade usually operates.

These types of relationships can be easier and more vibrant, but also more infrequent or discontinued. This type of commerce has developed greatly, due to the advent of the web, and there are already many virtual stores and malls on the Internet, which sell all kinds of consumer goods, such as computers, software, food, books, shoes, cars, financial products, digital publications, etc.

When compared to buying retail in traditional commerce, the consumer usually has more information available in terms of informative content and there is also a widespread idea that you’ll be buying cheaper, without jeopardizing an equally personalized customer service, as well as ensuring quick processing and delivery of your order.

        3. Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)

Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) type e-commerce encompasses all electronic transactions of goods or services conducted ​​between consumers. Generally, these transactions are conducted through a third party, which provides the online platform where the transactions are actually carried out.

         4. Consumer-to-Business (C2B)

In Consumer-to-Business (C2B) there is a complete setback of the traditional sense of exchanging goods. This type of e-commerce is very common in multitude sourcing based projects. A large number of individuals make their services or products available for purchase for companies seeking specifically these types of services or products.
Examples of such practices are the sites where designers present several proposals for a company logo and where only one of them is selected and effectively purchased. Another platform that is very common in this type of commerce are the markets that sell royalty-free photographs, images, media and design elements, such as I stockpile photo.

        5. Business-to-Administration (B2A)

This part of e-commerce encompasses all transactions conducted online between companies and public administration. This is an area that involves a large amount and a variety of services, particularly in areas such as fiscal, social security, employment, legal documents and registers, etc. These types of services have increased considerably in recent years with investments made in e-government.

      6. Consumer-to-Administration (C2A)

The Consumer-to-Administration model encompasses all electronic transactions conducted between individuals and public administration.

Types of e Commerce Payment System:

An e-commerce payment system allows you to pay for on-line transactions using electronic payment. According to The Office of Fair Trading, about 30 percent of Internet users do not shop on-line because of a professed increased risk of fraud. Though e-commerce fraud can happen, the introduction of such added security measures as a card verification number on credit card transactions helps to reduce the occurrence of fraud.

Credit Cards

The most common form of payment for e-commerce transactions is through credit cards. To use this system, shoppers simply enter their credit card number and date of expiry in the appropriate area on a web page. Increased security measures, such as the use of a card verification number (CVN), located on the back of the credit card, have been added to on-line credit card payment systems. The CVN system detects fraud by comparing the CVN with the cardholder's information as supplied by their bank.

Digital Wallets

·         A digital wallet, or e-wallet, is another type of e-commerce payment system. Much like a physical wallet, a digital wallet can store your personal information and payment. However, digital wallets are stored within your PC. Once the software is installed on your digital wallet, enter your personal information, such as your name and billing address, then connect it to your banking information so you can use it to withdraw funds from your account(s) when making on-line purchases. When you're at the check-out page of an e-commerce site, the digital wallet can automatically enter your personal and banking information into the appropriate areas.

E-cash

·         An e-commerce system that uses e-cash refers to a system in which money is only exchanged electronically. To use e-cash, link your personal bank account to other payee accounts or set up an e-cash account using a centralized system, such as PayPal, and link it to your personal bank account. To fund your e-cash account, you can debit from your personal bank account or credit card. To make payments using your e-cash account, you can make a deposit to the other person's e-cash account if you have their banking information, or request a transfer to their bank account.

Mobile Payment

·         The newest e-commerce payment system is mobile payment, wherein a consumer uses his cell phone to make purchases. Instead of using cash or credit cards to buy something, the user simply sends a payment request via text message. If the vendor has the mobile billing capability, the consumer's mobile account or credit card is charged for the purchase. To set up a mobile payment system, download a software package from your cell phone company's website, then link your credit card or mobile billing information to that software.

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